A Comprehensive Review on Bisphenol A (BPA) Toxicity Updates: Controversy Is Not Over Yet

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

2 Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

3 Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department-Faculty of Medicine- Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

4 Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used industrial chemical in plastics production. It is present in different types of plastics as polycarbonate and epoxy resin. Plastics that contain BPA are used for various purposes as food containers, medical equipment, and toys. So, BPA exposure is almost universal among humans. Food and water have been recognized as significant BPA exposure sources. Other sources include waste smoke, thermal paper, and dental materials. Since it was created, concerns regarding BPA safety and health hazards have been raised. Research over a decade showed multiple health hazards of BPA in humans. Bisphenol A is known to be a hormonal disruptor interfering with regular hormonal activity in the body. In addition, it has a cytotoxic effect by increasing free radicals. BPA is linked to many diseases affecting the reproductive, endocrine, nervous, and immune systems and different types of cancer. The FDA and other health-related institutions have regulated the use of BPA plastics. However, a debate is unsolved as regards the safe dose of BPA for daily human exposure. This article explores the toxic aspects of BPA and discusses the different regulations relating to BPA use.

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